RESUMO
RESUMO Objetivo: investigar a presença de micro-organismos nas narinas dos profissionais de enfermagem de um hospital de ensino brasileiro. Método: estudo transversal, em duas unidades de internação especializadas em HIV/aids. Foram coletadas amostras de secreção nasal de profissionais de enfermagem no período de um mês. As amostras foram processadas no laboratório de microbiologia da instituição e a análise dos dados resultantes por meio do software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) versão 19.0. Os aspectos éticos foram contemplados. Resultados: dos 73 profissionais de enfermagem do serviço, foram coletadas amostras de secreção nasal de 61 (80,2%). Foram isolados seis tipos de micro-organismos em 22 (41,0%) culturas positivas. Destaca-se que o Staphylococcus aureus representou 22,9%, sendo quatro resistentes à oxacilina (MRSA). Conclusão: o Staphylococcus aureus foi o micro-organismo de maior prevalência nos indivíduos deste estudo. .
RESUMEN Objetivo: investigar la presencia de microorganismos en las fosas nasales del personal de enfermería de un hospital universitario brasileño. Método: estudio transversal en dos unidades de hospitalización especializados en VIH/SIDA. Muestras de secreción nasal de enfermeras fueron recolectados durante un mes. Las muestras fueron procesadas en el laboratorio de microbiología de la institución y se analizaron con el paquete estadístico para el software de Ciencias Sociales (SPSS) versión 19.0. Los aspectos éticos fueron cubiertos. Resultados: 73 de los profesionales de enfermería, se recogieron muestras de las secreciones nasales de 61 (80,2%). Se aislaron seis tipos de microorganismos en 22 (41,0%) cultivos positivos. Es de destacar que el Staphylococcus aureus representó el 22,9%, cuatro oxacilina-resistente (MRSA). Conclusión: Staphylococcus aureus fue la prevalencia más microorganismo en los individuos de este estudio. .
ABSTRACT Objective: to investigate the presence of microorganisms in the nostrils of the nursing professionals of a Brazilian teaching hospital. Method: cross-sectional study in two inpatient units specialized in HIV/AIDS. Nasal secretion samples of nursing professionals were collected in one month. The samples were processed at the microbiology laboratory of the institution and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 19.0. Ethical aspects were abided. Results: from the 73 members of the nursing staff, samples of nasal secretions were collected from 61 (80.2%). Six types of microorganisms were isolated in 22 (41.0%) positive cultures. It is noteworthy that Staphylococcus aureus accounted for 22.9%, four of them oxacillin-resistant (MRSA). Conclusion: Staphylococcus aureus microorganism accounted for the largest prevalence in individuals of this study. .
Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , Camundongos , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Gonorreia/imunologia , Mediadores da Inflamação/metabolismo , Inflamação/etiologia , Neisseria gonorrhoeae/patogenicidade , Neutrófilos/imunologia , Aderência Bacteriana , Antígeno Carcinoembrionário/genética , Antígeno Carcinoembrionário/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Gonorreia/metabolismo , Gonorreia/microbiologia , Inflamação/metabolismo , Inflamação/patologia , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intracelular/metabolismo , Camundongos Transgênicos , Neisseria gonorrhoeae/imunologia , Neutrófilos/microbiologia , Análise de Sequência com Séries de Oligonucleotídeos , Estresse Oxidativo , Fagocitose/fisiologia , Proteínas Tirosina Quinases/metabolismo , Transdução de SinaisRESUMO
Integrative genetic changes were examined in relation to tumor growth and progression of sporadic colorectal cancers. Ninety-two sporadic colorectal cancer patients and 12 human colorectal cancer cell lines were evaluated. Genetic changes in representative steps of colorectal tumorigenesis were determined. Biological characteristics, i.e., clinicopathologic parameters, expression of invasion-associated molecules, and in vitro invasion and migration, in association with these changes were further analyzed. Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and/or Wnt-activated alterations occurred in 66% patients, whereas mismatch repair (MMR) defects and/or RAF-mediated alterations were identified in 47% patients. The crossover rate between these two alterations was 26%. Differential mRNA expression of ARK5 was closely associated with that of MMP2, MMP9, and S100A4 (P< or =0.044-0.001). Additionally, enhanced ARK5 mRNA expression was more frequent in tumors displaying RAF-mediated alterations and crossover pathways (P=0.01 and 0.03, respectively). Upregulation of CEA mRNA was more common in the advanced stages (P=0.034), while VEGF expression was greater in poorly differentiated or mucinous tumors (P=0.042). The high expressions of MMP2 and MMP9 were closely associated with invasion and migration of colorectal tumors and cell lines. Our results conclusively show that specific pathways of colorectal tumorigenesis are closely associated with characteristic tumor growth and invasion.
Assuntos
Animais , Humanos , Adenocarcinoma/genética , Antígeno Carcinoembrionário/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular , Neoplasias Colorretais/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Metaloproteinase 2 da Matriz/genética , Metaloproteinase 9 da Matriz/genética , Invasividade Neoplásica , Proteínas Quinases/genética , Proteínas Repressoras/genética , Proteínas S100/genética , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/genéticaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: As many as 30% of node-negative breast cancer patients relapse within five years, suggesting that current histological detection methods are inadequate for identifying metastatic disease. Detecting small number of cancer cells in the breast tissue or lymph node by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays using a combination of tissue and cancer specific markers might be very useful in the early detection or monitoring of the treatment. Mammaglobin is a member of the uteroglobin gene family and appears to be expressed only in breast tissue. Carcinoembryonic antigen has been the preferred molecular marker for detection of micro metastases in lymph nodes in almost all carcinomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Samples were collected from randomly chosen breast cancer patients undergoing modified mastectomy or breast conserving surgery between September 2003 and July 2004. RT-PCR was applied to study the expression of MMG and CEA markers. Breast cancer micrometastases in axillary lymph nodes were also assessed. RESULTS: The MMG marker was positive in 9/10 normal breast tissues, 3/3 breast fibroadenomas and 37/39 of breast carcinoma tissues, giving an overall sensitivity of 94%. The sensitivity was 80% for metastatic lymph node samples. On the other hand CEA showed 95% sensitivity for malignant breast tumors and 100% sensitivity for metastatic lymph nodes. CONCLUSIONS: RT-PCR using a combination of MMG and CEA markers is a powerful tool to complement current routine histopathology techniques for detection of breast cancer metastasis in axillary nodes.
Assuntos
Axila , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Antígeno Carcinoembrionário/genética , Diagnóstico Precoce , Feminino , Fibroadenoma/genética , Humanos , Linfonodos/patologia , Metástase Linfática , Mastectomia , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Neoplásico/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Uteroglobina/genéticaRESUMO
The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is glycoprotein localized in the apical surface of mature enterocytes. The members of the CEA gene family are clustered on chromosome 19q13.2. It is formed by 29 genes, of which 18 are expressed. Many functions of CEA have been known in healthy individuals, however its role as cell adhesion molecule is the most studied. Besides the colon, CEA is expressed in the stomach, tongue, oesophagus, cervix, and prostate. The most important clinical function is in colorectal, gastric and ovary cancer. It is used as prognosis marker, staging system, recurrence, treatment response and liver metastases. There are many no neoplasic-diseases that enhance CEA value. Actually, the CEA is being studying as target of immunotherapy.
El antígeno carcinoembrionario (ACE) es una glucoproteína localizada en el polo apical de los enterocitos. Los genes que codifican para el ACE se localizan en el cromosoma 19q13.2. El grupo total está constituido por 29 genes, divididos en tres subgrupos de los cuales se expresan sólo 18. En el individuo sano existen múltiples funciones del ACE que han sido ampliamente estudiadas, su función como molécula de adhesión ha sido la más ampliamente difundida. En pacientes sanos además de expresarse a nivel de colon el ACE se expresa en células de la lengua, esófago, estómago, cervix y próstata. Los pacientes que reciben una mayor utilidad clínica son aquellos con cáncer colorrectal (CCR), cáncer gástrico y cáncer de ovario. Su uso más amplio es en el CCR, actualmente se utiliza como marcador pronóstico, estadiaje, marcador de recurrencia, de respuesta al tratamiento y como indicador de metástasis a nivel hepático. Existen algunas patologías no neoplásicas que causan elevación de las cifras séricas de ACE. Actualmente se estudia al ACE como blanco de inmunoterapia dirigida a tumores que contengan células que expresen esta molécula.
Assuntos
Adulto , Animais , Humanos , Camundongos , Antígeno Carcinoembrionário/fisiologia , Anticorpos Monoclonais/imunologia , Anticorpos Monoclonais/uso terapêutico , Vacinas Anticâncer/imunologia , Vacinas Anticâncer/uso terapêutico , Antígeno Carcinoembrionário/análise , Antígeno Carcinoembrionário/química , Antígeno Carcinoembrionário/genética , Antígeno Carcinoembrionário/imunologia , Adesão Celular/fisiologia , /genética , Proteínas Fetais/análise , Imunoterapia , Camundongos Transgênicos , Especificidade de Órgãos , Prognóstico , Biomarcadores Tumorais/sangue , Vacinas Sintéticas/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
To investigate the relationship between the presence of circulating tumor cells in different stages of gastrointestinal tract cancer and the subsequent relapse or distant metastasis, circulating levels of CEA mRNA was serially examined at an interval of 10.6+/-4.5 or 13.7+/-3.0 months in gastric or colorectal cancer patients, respectively. CEA mRNA was measured by means of RT-PCR amplification as an indicator for micrometastatic malignant cells. Seven of twenty-nine respectable gastric cancer patients (24.1%) [EGC: 2/9 (22.2%), AGC IIIa: 1/5 (20.0%), AGC IIIb: 4/15 (26.6%)] were positive for CEA mRNA on the initial test and 10 of 29 patients (34.4%) [EGC: 2/ 9 (22.2%), AGC IIIa: 1/5 (20.0%), AGC IIIb: 7/15 (46.7%)] were positive on a follow-up test. Only in AGC IIIb, the positive rate for CEA mRNA increased about twice and 6 of 7 positive cases (85.7%) relapsed within 2.6+/-2.4 months after the follow-up test. In colorectal cancer, 4 of 19 patients (21.1%) [B2: 1/6 (16.7%), C2: 3/13 (23.0%)] were positive on the initial test and 10 of 19 patients (52.6%) [B2: 4/6 (66.7%), C2: 6/13 (46.2%)] were positive on a follow-up test showing an increase in positive rates during a follow-up, however, no significant correlation between CEA mRNA positivity and subsequent relapse was demonstrated. These results suggest that an early tumor cell dissemination may occur in gastrointestinal tract cancer without subsequent relapse, however, the serial regular examination of CEA mRNA level may contribute to predicting a subsequent relapse in AGC IIIb in gastric cancer.
Assuntos
Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Antígeno Carcinoembrionário/genética , Seguimentos , Neoplasias Gastrointestinais/patologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Células Neoplásicas Circulantes , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Biomarcadores TumoraisRESUMO
To determine whether the tumor cell contamination of peripheral blood stem cells influences clinical impacts on high-dose chemotherapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer, we analyzed carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) mRNA in the apheresis products by nested RT-PCR (reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction). A total of 38 metastatic breast cancer patients and ten normal healthy subjects as a negative control were included. Twenty out of 38 (51.3%) apheresis products from patients with metastatic breast cancer were positive for CEA mRNA. CEA mRNA was noted in 54.8% (17/31) of patients mobilized with chemotherapy plus G-CSF and 42.8% (3/7) of patients with G-CSF alone. There was no significant difference in age, estrogen receptor, menopausal status, mobilization method, disease free interval, or number of metastasis sites (1 vs >/=2) between positive and negative groups. The presence of CEA mRNA in apheresis products did not influence the time to progression and overall survival in both groups. However, both the univariate and the multivariate analysis disclosed that the number of metastasis was associated with survival significantly. We suggest that the tumor cell contamination does not predict poor treatment outcome in patients with metastatic breast cancer.